Florida statue 794.05 states the following 'Unlawful sexual activity with certain minors.-- (1) A person 24 years of age or older who engages in sexual activity with a person 16 or 17 years of age commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. • Laws against 'contributing to the unruliness or delinquency of a child' (§ 2919.24) and 'interference with custody' (§ 2919.23) may be used against those who are 18 and older who have sex with those who are 16 and 17 if a parent or guardian complains. • Drobac, Jennifer Ann (2013),,, 33 (Iss. 2), retrieved August 11, 2016 •. Stephen Robertson. Retrieved 4 October 2012. • ^ Volokh, Eugene. Retrieved on September 11, 2015. • Urbina, Ian. October 12, 2014. Retrieved on September 11, 2015. • ^ Smith and Kercher, p. • Smith and Kercher, p. • Smith and Kercher, p. • ^ Smith and Kercher, p. • Higdon, Michael J. Retrieved on September 13, 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2011. •, which discusses the fact of incorporation of state criminal law into violation of 2422(b), specifically California statute, where Dhingra resided and committed the acts. • Posner, Richard (1996). A Guide to America's Sex Laws. The University of Chicago Press. The case cited is, 450 U.S. SOL Research. Retrieved 10 August 2012. • See, e.g., United States v. Poulin, 631 F.3d 17, 20–21 (1st Cir. 2011)(sexually explicit photographs or video for 'personal use' still constitutes production of child pornography); United States v. Fore, 507 F.3d 412, 415 (6th Cir. 2007)(lesser offense of possession does not require distribution or an intent to distribute to a third party); United States v. Burgess, 576 F.3d 1078, 1102 (10th Cir. 2009)(lesser offense of possession does not require distribution or an intent to distribute to a third party); United States v. Holston, 343 F.3d 83, 85–86 (2d Cir. 2003)(the crime may be established without a showing of economic benefit of any kind to the defendant); United States v. Williams, 553 U.S. 285, 296 (2008) ('[I]n much Internet file sharing of child pornography each participant makes his files available for free to other participants.' ) • See United States v. Richardson, 238 F.3d 837, 839 (7th Cir. 2001) (Posner, J.). Retrieved 4 July 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2012. • ^ Boyer, Barbara. April 9, 2005. Retrieved on August 4, 2015. 'Wilson's arrest highlights confusing questions about sexual relations between youths who are of the age of legal consent at 16 and adults. Sex with a minor younger than 16 is considered statutory rape.' And 'In Pennsylvania, prosecutors turn to broader laws, such as corrupting the morals of a minor, that are not as clearly defined.' And 'JoAnne Epps, dean of academic affairs at Temple University's Beasley School of Law, said that even though a teenager can legally consent to sex[.]'[.]but that's irrelevant in determining whether a person is guilty of corrupting the morals of a minor.' • Norman-Eady, Sandra, Christopher Reinhart, and Peter Martino. Government of Connecticut. April 14, 2003. Retrieved on September 18, 2015. • ^ Palmer, Brian. September 28, 2009. Retrieved on September 18, 2015. , December 15, 2014. Retrieved on May 15, 2016. 'A common misperception about statutory rape is that state codes define a single age at which an individual can legally consent to sex. Only 12 states have a single age of consent, below which an individual cannot consent to sexual intercourse under any circumstances, and above which it is legal to engage in sexual intercourse with another person above the age of consent. For example, in Massachusetts, the age of consent is 16. In the remaining 39 states, other factors come into play: age differentials, minimum age of the victim, and minimum age of the defendant. Each is described below.' - The mathematics does not add up in this section as there are 50 states, unless DC is counted as #51. • Smith and Kercher, p. • Remkus, Ashley (2017-08-11)... Retrieved 2017-08-11. • Donovan, Patricia. Family Planning Perspectives Volume 29, Number 1, January/February 1996. Retrieved on February 19, 2015. 'One of the most disturbing things about [the] exploding [rate of] teen pregnancy is that so many of the fathers are.men, 26 and 28 years old, having sex with 14-year-old girls,' declared California Gov. 'We've got to enforce statutory rape laws.' ' • Dreier, Hannah. March 27, 2012. Retrieved on September 18, 2015. November 16, 2014. Retrieved on September 18, 2015. • Gramlich, John. Monday July 16, 2007. Retrieved on September 19, 2015. Retrieved on November 4, 2014. 'Florida[.]A child under 16 years of age cannot consent to sexual activity, regardless of the age of the defendant.[189] A child who is at least 16 years of age and less than 18 years of age cannot consent to sexual activity if the defendant is 24 years of age or older.' And 'Pennsylvania[.]Sexual intercourse with someone less than 13 years of age is illegal regardless of the age of the defendant.[641] Sexual intercourse with someone at least 13 years of age and less than 16 years of age is illegal unless the defendant is less than four years older than the victim or is the victim's spouse.' At Tampa Bay Online. Saturday June 13, 2009. Retrieved on September 18, 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011. Archived from on August 4, 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2012. Archived from on July 22, 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012. • Donnelly, Christine. Friday, August 25, 2000. Retrieved on November 4, 2014. State of Hawaii Department of the Attorney General. Retrieved on November 4, 2014. Submitted to The Twenty-Second State Legislature Regular Session of 2003 Pursuant to Act 1, Second Special Session, SLH 2001. From the original on 30 July 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010. From the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010. From the original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010. From the original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010. From the original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010. • • • • • • and • Yeagle, Patrick (2011-02-24)... Retrieved 2017-03-22. March 2, 2011. From the original on 2015-09-18. Retrieved 2017-03-22. • ^ Hess, Hannah (February 28, 2011)... From the original on 2015-09-18. Retrieved 2017-03-22. February 28, 2011. Retrieved 2017-03-22. • Yeagle, Patrick (April 19, 2012)... From the original on September 18, 2015. Retrieved 2017-03-22. • Wall, Tobias (March 25, 2014)... From the original on September 18, 2015. Retrieved 2017-03-22. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2012. Retrieved September 10, 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2016. Maryland Code, Criminal Law § 3-308. Maryland Code, Criminal Law § 3-307. Maryland Code, Criminal Law § 3-306. Maryland Code, Criminal Law § 3-304. Maryland Code, Criminal Law § 3-324. • ^ Gordon, Claire. March 27, 2013. Retrieved on August 8, 2013. • Murray, Dave. March 20, 2012. Retrieved on August 8, 2013. • These laws have been translated into layman's terms at the child sexual abuse prevention website. Retrieved 18 February 2008. • Go To Top ».. Retrieved 10 August 2012. Nebraska Legislature. Retrieved on May 15, 2016. Friday June 15, 1979. Volume 101, No. Retrieved on May 18, 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2016. Ohio Alliance to End Sexual Violence. Retrieved on August 29, 2017. • Harding, David. Saturday May 27, 1989. Volume 41, No. Retrieved from. July 1, 1989. Retrieved on May 16, 2015. See ' phrasebook from the Ohio Office of the Public Defender. Retrieved 10 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012. • Kuruvilla, Carol. Sunday March 29, 2014. Retrieved on October 5, 2014. 'The age of consent in Oklahoma is 16. But because Queen was the teenager's teacher, different rules apply. According to state laws, a sexual act is considered rape if the victim is a student between 16 and 18 years of age and the suspect is an employee of the student's school system.' • ^ Smerconish, Michael. August 5, 2011. 'There are no statutory-rape charges pending as the age of consent in the commonwealth is 16.' • Anastasia, George. August 5, 2011. Retrieved on August 6, 2015. 'Rinick's lawyer in that case, Nino Tinari, said yesterday that the charges were downgraded to corrupting the morals of minors after Rinick produced videotapes that indicated the girls took part in consensual sex. (The age of consent in Pennsylvania for sex is 16.)' • Elizabeth, Jane. Saturday May 31, 2003. Retrieved on August 4, 2015. 'The age of consent in Pennsylvania is 16 years old -- reduced in 1995 from 18 years old.' Unlawful contact with minor (does not require the offender to be over the age of 18) or § 6301. Corruption of minors (requires the offender to be over the age of 18) • Finley, Ben. June 20, 2014. Retrieved on September 15, 2015. • Martin, Josh P. January 5, 2011. Retrieved on August 6, 2015. 'Pennsylvania law sets the age of consent for sex at 16, although prosecutors in some counties have brought child endangerment and corruption-of-minors charges against teachers who have had relationships with 16- and 17-year-old students.' Retrieved 16 February 2011. - The 'common sense of the community' comes from section 161. Retrieved 10 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012. Varghese Summersett PLLC. • reporter, miya shay, eyewitness news, (21 April 2015).. ' It is uncontested that Dornbusch was substantially older than V.V. Also, as an educator at her high school, Dornbusch was in a position of authority over V.V.' And 'We conclude that a scenario such as this, where a person of authority creates a situation in which a teenager would find it almost impossible to deny a sexual advance, can be fairly considered to constitute inducement in the common understanding of the term.' And 'We hold that the statute was not impermissibly vague as applied to Dornbusch's conduct. The statute forbids inducement of sexual conduct by a child under eighteen years of age, and according to the State's evidence, Dornbusch did exactly that: he induced (he used persuasion and influence to bring about) V.V.' S sexual conduct.' • ^ Lomax, John Nova. February 4, 2015. Retrieved on September 14, 2015. 76-5-401.2 Unlawful sexual conduct with a 16- or 17-year-old •. Retrieved 16 February 2011. • ^ Schulte, Brigide. 'An Age-Old Cultural Divide.' Sunday March 20, 2005. 'In Virginia, the age of consent is 18.' • Chandler, Michael Alison. July 24, 2010. Retrieved on September 17, 2015. • ^ Sheppard, Kate. Thursday April 4, 2013. Retrieved on September 17, 2015. 'While that might be seen as creepy, in Virginia, the age of consent is 15 years old.' • Lithwick, Dahlia. August 7, 2013. Retrieved on September 17, 2015. • Marcotte, Amanda. October 8, 2013. Retrieved on September 18, 2015. • ^ Clark-Flory, Tracy. November 20, 2010. Retrieved on December 25, 2013. • • [email protected].. Retrieved 10 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012. 1 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012. 1 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012. • October 18, 2011, at the. - See:,, • (PDF). Archived from (PDF) on 2012-10-16. Retrieved 2014-02-07. Works cited [ ] • Smith, Brittany Logino and Glen A. Crime Victims' Institute, Criminal Justice Center,. Further reading [ ] Books [ ] • Cocca, Carolyn.., April 29, 2004.. • () • See: p.: 'Table 1.1.: Ages of Consent 1885–1999, and Age Spans in the Fifty States, 1999' • Odem, Mary E. Delinquent Daughters: Protecting and Policing Adolescent Female Sexuality in the United States, 1885–1920 (Gender & American culture)., 1995.. • See: p.: 'Table 1. Legal Ages of Consent in the United States, 1885 and 1920' in Chapter 1: 'White Slaves' and 'Vicious Men': The Age-of-Consent Campaign. • Watkins, Christine. Age of Consent, 1st Edition., 2013.. And at.: • Watchman, Kelsey. 'The age of consent should be eighteen.' - Originally from: Wacthman, Kelsey. 'YES: This is not simply a moral issue.' June 14, 2009. • Appel, Jacob. March 18, 2010, Updated May 25, 2011. • Kempner, Martha. 'Age of consent laws are confusing.' • Smith, Brittany Logino and Glen A. 'Provisions for juvenile offenders are important in age of consent laws.' • Baklo, Radley. 'Judges should have sentencing discretion regarding age of consent laws.' Reports [ ] • Glosser, Asaph, Karen Gardiner, and Mike Fishman. Prepared for: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, (HHS). December 15, 2004. • () hosted by the HHS. () hosted by The Lewin Group. • () Magazine and newspaper articles [ ] • Noble, Kevin Maillard. May 28, 2012. Updated June 12, 2012. • Russell, Thaddeus. October 1, 2009. • (September 27, 2007)... Journal articles [ ] • Stine, Emily J. Volume 60, Issue 4, Article 7. • Sutherland, Kate. Volume 9, Issue 3, Article 2. External links [ ] • Lowen, Linda. Age limits vary internationally, and the laws are often complex with regard to certain sexual activities. For example, in 2008, Canada raised the legal age of consent from 14 to 16 but still enforces 18 as an age of consent for unmarried individuals engaging in anal sex, according to The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. It is also illegal for anyone in a position of authority, such as a teacher, coach or family member, to engage in sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 18.
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