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While apps like Tinder may be associated with younger audiences, there are plenty of options for those in search of mature dating, our very own or, for example. With a view to helping you navigate this minefield, we asked award winning dating blogger what men need to know. 'Remember to take geographical location into account. It could be the greatest app in the world but if no one lives within 100 miles of you then there’s not really much point.' Cut to the chase 'I’ve spoken to a lot of female app users and the feedback I hear is always the same – ‘everyone seems to just want a pen pal’. If you want to meet someone then just ask them out and make it happen. 'I think both men and women make that mistake, too much talking and not enough face to face interaction. Online dating should only ever be the means of an introduction.' The Best Black Dating Apps. It’s the hottest and most innovative black dating app on the market right now. Remember African-American Organizations On #. The best community to meet attractive, single rich individuals of various backgrounds, races and walks of life. I love the internet and large groups of unknown give me anxiety-driven bitch face, so dating via the App store sounds like a fabulous idea to me. Anything to avoid in person rejection/rejecting. Is nothing new, and while some straight people might hesitate to post their personals on the internet for fear of stigma, almost every lesbian I know has at some point gone online to find lurve or at least sex. It just makes sense; gay-dar has limitations, lesbian nights can feel far and feel between, and meeting a girl organically can feel impossible as a gay woman. There’s no debating reality: lesbians are working with a far smaller potential dating pool than straight women, and (for reasons unknown to me) there are far fewer lesbian geared events than events geared at gay males. We’re straight up less visible, and dating apps allow us to safely browse through girls WE KNOW like girls. I can’t pretend making a profile doesn’t make me self-concious, but I will say that it’s better to put yourself out there in almost any way that to sit at home, re-watching, waiting for Mrs. Perfect to bicycle through the door. Last week I created a dating profile on each of these sites, and rating apps geared (or accepting) of lesbians based on three criteria: style, amenities, and my personal experience. Style: OkCupid’s color palette of pepto bismal pink and gender-normative blue isn’t the chicest choice, but it’s not ugly. Tone wise, OkCupid is relentlessly upbeat with tongue in cheek terminology and a pleasant aura of “we don’t take this too seriously and neither should you.” Amenities: Like all of these apps, getting starting with OkCupid is quick and simple. All you need is an email address and a (hopefully charming) username and you’re reading to get creepin’. Regular members can filter potentials based on a variety of criteria, which allows you to cast your net as wide or narrow as you like. OkCupid has more features, filters, and functions than any other dating app I’ve scene. Some of the best include: a. Compatibility questions that allow you to see your “match%” with other users b. Fun quizzes galore so other people can pre-judge you c. Ability to search based on location, age, height, religion, smoking, drinking, drug use, race (ugh), etc d. Ability to sort potentials based on match%, last online, newest, etc so you’re not stuck looking at the same assortment e. Tool to set “broadcast” so women in your area can see you want to hang out right away f. Choice to not appear to straight people- this cuts way down on creepy straight dudes so blinded by their own delusional desperation they refuse to believe “gay” means “not interested in men including you” Experience: The biggest free dating app in America, OkCupid combines a wide array of filters, detailed profiles, and arguably the largest density of LGBTQ women to choose from. I, and most gay women I know, have at some point(s) used OkCupid to go upon date after awkward date in hopes of (maybe) meeting someone worth waxing sweet nothings upon. One downside of everyone being on OkCupid is everyone will know you are on OkCupid. This is particularly awkward when you click on an appealing profile only to find that profile is someone you know, who knows you, who will know you know they know you’re alone. No amount of horrified back clicking can un-visit an unfriendly acquaintance’s OkCupid profile. Proceed with caution, but do proceed. I’ve heard some great success stories from OkCupid, while I didn’t find anyone I wanted to date on there, I did meet an adorable new friend. Style: With it’s clean layout and modern typography, Tinder is hands down the most aesthetically appealing app. Unfortunately, form comes at the the price of function. Profiles are incredibly limited, and searching for matches is limited to flipping through pictures of every Tinder user who shares at least one similar “like” with you on facebook. Amenities: Tinder is basically a flip book of people vaguely connected to you on Facebook. You flip through pictures and press “heart” if you like what you see and “x” if you don’t. Since Tinder sees me ending up with a man, even though the thought of ending up with a man makes me internally scream, I spent 99% of the time pressing “x.” If you want to see more about someone, you can look at their very limited profile to see five pictures, a brief summary of how chill they are, and what “likes” you share. I can’t imagine a less effective way of searching for my next girlfriend/victim. Experience: Tinder is the cyber-equivalent of standing on a street corner, pointing at passers by, and asking “What about that one? What about that one? What about that one? What about that one?” to determine your next date. I’ve read article upon enthusiastic article about Tinder being the new big thing, and I get the appeal: maybe the one for you is a friend of a friend, just waiting to be discovered. Unfortunately, Tinder operates under the oppressive, hetero-normative assumption that that person will be of the opposite sex. Tinder matched me with an overwhelming majority of almost 100% male matches, even though I set my preference to “women.” When Tinder did match me with a woman, there was no indication whatsoever whether that woman was gay or just also enjoyed Mean Girls. Apparently Tinder thinks gay women are just going through a phase, maybe working through some daddy issues, and all we need to do is look at enough pictures of men and we’ll gave an go back to our God-given place on the D. Out of morbid curiosity, I created a Tinder account linked to one of my straight guy friends facebook, and surprise surprise: not a single picture of a man popped up. I sifted for so ages in hopes that maybe Tinder really does just treat all people as if their sexual preference is equally irrelevant; it doesn’t. Tinder treats LGBTQ users as second class users because it views LGBTQ sexualities as second class sexualities; we are not the norm and therefore not worthy of even the most basic of consideration. Tinder graciously allows LGBTQ women to sign up for their service, but don’t expect them to treat us as anything other than straight. To Tinder, we’re clearly not worth the effort. Virtually nothing offends me, but being treated as if my sexual orientation is irrelevant offends me. An app only useful to straight people masquerading as a LGBTQ friendly app offends me. Tinder might be stylish and based on an essentially good idea (matching via friends of FB friends/similar interests), but this is 2013 and it is not ok to treat gay women like second class users in any context or medium. Brenda Style: Oh, Brenda. Brenda, Brenda, Brenda. It’s like you’re trying NOT to turn me on. First of all, who in God’s name decided “Brenda” would be a good name for a dating application? Why not Gladys? Why not just name the app “Gram Gram” and call it a day? In addition to sharing the name of unlikable female television characters everywhere, Brenda struggles with style and utility. Underneath a depressing palate of cheap lavender and dreary grey, Brenda does really seem like a sweet, well meaning application. I pity Brenda, I want Brenda take her glasses off and reveal that bangin’ body, but I don’t want to fuck with Brenda. I wish I did but I don’t. I am way too shallow for Brenda. Amenities: Brenda can boast the awesome honor of being the only lesbian dating app in the app store. I would like to put as much distance between access to my lady-bits and men as possible, even on the internet. Other features Brenda boasts include: a. Easy direct messaging. IM like its 2005. Filter by age range and. Well that’s it. Brief self description area d. Capacity to upload up to five pictures Experience: One thing I love about Brenda is the girls online. OkCupid can feel a little high school what with the “who visited whose profile” but Brenda users are friendly and didn’t hesitate at all to hit me up. I see so much potential here, but the site needs a makeover and more filters/amenities to really be a competitor. I cannot rate Dattch the lesbian dating app because I cannot download Dattch the lesbian dating app. I searched high and low in the app store but alas, Dattch eludes me now as much as it eluded me the day Trish told me to download Dattch. Maybe it’s only for European lesbians? Whatever the reason, Dattch hella snubbed me and I will not forget the insult. Even if they do have a super cute website. So which app bodes best for women who like women? And the winner is. OkCupid not only has far more lezzers, it has features for days, addictive quizes, in- depth profiles, and an incredibly detailed search criteria. Furthermore, by allowing LGBTQ women to remain invisible to straight users, OkCupid allows you to date online without male harassment. So go ahead, make a profile, and if you see me feel free to tell me I’m pretty. In very recent years, the advent of Learning Analytics (LA) has resulted in a number of publications reporting on empirical research. This literature overview identifies the mainstream of empirical LA research, and emphasizes insufficiently investigated directions that display a higher innovation potential. The mainstream consists of learning trajectory visualizations aimed to predict learner success. Single studies prove innovative by addressing in particular: informal educational settings, video and audio records as data sources, automated assessment and error/misconception analysis. A central issue of empirical LA research consists of the frequent lack of an explicit theoretical framework from educational perspective. We maintain that educational and psychological theories are urgently needed for significant progress of upcoming LA research. T cells are suggested to participate in the manifestation of ischemia-reperfusion-induced inflammatory responses in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the recruitment of T cells in the postischemic hepatic microvasculature in vivo and to test the hypothesis that this recruitment is mediated by Kupffer cell activation. In C57B1/6 mice, ischemia of the left liver lobe was induced for 90 min. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were isolated from spleens of syngenic mice by magnetic cell sorting and labeled ex vivo with CFDA-SE. After 30 min of reperfusion, either 1 × 10 7 CD4+ or 0.7 × 10 7CD8+ T cells were infused intraarterially (n = 5 each group). In control experiments, an identical number of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells was infused into sham-operated animals. In an additional ischemia-reperfusion group, activation of Kupffer cells was blocked by gadolinium chloride (10 µg/kg, i.V., n = 5). The number of T cells accumulated in hepatic microvessels as well as of T cells transmigrated to the perivascular space was quantitatively analyzed by means of intravital video fluorescence microscopy. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion induced an increase in the number of adherent CD4+ T cells in postsinusoidal venules and sinusoids after 30 min as well as 120 min of reperfusion as compared to the sham-operated group. The prolongation of reperfusion time from 30 min to 120 min significantly enhanced T cell transmigration. The blockade of Kupffer cells with gadolinium chloride completely attenuated both postischemic adherence and transmigration of CD4+ T cells. In contrast, the postischemic recruitment of CD8+ T cells was very low in all segments of the hepatic microvasculature and did not differ among experimental groups. Thus, normothermic hepatic I/R induces accumulation of CD4+, but not CD8+ T cells, in the hepatic microcirculation. This accumulation is triggered by Kupffer cells and occurs in sinusoids and to a lesser extent in postsinusoidal venules during early reperfusion. CD4+ T cell transmigration is enhanced as reperfusion time is prolonged up to 120 min. Accumulation of T cells in the postischemic liver may provide a potential mechanism underlying postischemic liver injury. To investigate the in vitro development of myofibrils in skeletal muscle cells derived from adult human muscle biopsies, immunohistochemical analysis was performed using monoclonal antibodies against desmin, titin, and nebulin. Diffuse desmin reactivity was detected 48 h after plating in about 60% of all mononucleated cells. This supports the use of desmin as a marker for undifferentiated rhabdomyosarcomas in man. Titin was visible from day 4 onwards, while nebulin was not found in mononucleated cells. After 1 week polynucleated myotubes appeared, and grew up to 30 days. Desmin was distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm until day 21, when the pattern became patchy. Titin began to be organized in a predominantly longitudinal orientation at day 15, while nebulin, which appeared for the first time in fusing myoblasts on the fifth to the seventh day, was almost immediately organized in a dotted longitudinal pattern, which became a Z line connected striation in matured myotubes. The current paper reports on a patient with recurrent rotational vertigo and persistent dizziness and imbalance lasting several weeks, who underwent extensive neuro-otological and radiological examinations. Pathological findings initially included right-sided benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), persistent horizontal spontaneous nystagmus (SPN) to the left, and a pathological bedside and video head impulse test (HIT) on the left. The pathological HIT on the left and the SPN to the left indicated a central origin. Die Symptome und Folgen der Behandlung von Mononukleose bei Kindern; Die Symptome und Folgen der Behandlung von Mononukleose bei Kindern. Behandlung von. More Behandlung Von Mononukleose Bei Erwachsenenbildung images. Therefore, cranial magnetic resonance imaging was performed which revealed a left-sided ischemic stroke in the territory of the medial branch of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (mPICA). Summary Many studies on the structure and function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have relied on purified hCG preparations obtained from pregnancy urine. In the present studies, in order to demonstrate possible differences between the hCG species present in serum and those released into urine, we examined serum and urinary samples derived from patients with trophoblastic tumors and of pregnancy origin by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and two-dimensional electrophoresis including immunostaining with a specific hCG antibody and densitometry of the protein bands. This type of analysis was presently feasible only in patients presenting with extremely high serum levels of hCG and was therefore limited to seven patients with testicular cancers, one woman with a hydatidiform mole, and one pregnancy sample. We found marked differences in the isoelectric focusing pattern between urinary and serum hCG samples, with the urinary hCG consisting of more alkaline pl variants than that present in the serum of the same patients. Tumor hCG differed from pregnancy hCG in that it contained more acidic variants, and this was true for urinary and serum-derived materials. In some tumor and pregnancy samples an hCG immunoreactive material of lower molecular weight than hCG itself was found. In conclusion, the present studies, extending previous findings on the micro-heterogeneity of hCG, indicate that serum and urinary-derived hCG may differ in the composition of the isoform spectrum, as does tumor and pregancy hCG. Further, in some patients hCG immunoreactive molecules exist that differ markedly from hCG in size and charge. These observations suggest that, whenever possible, serum-derived hCG materials should be used to define the molecular structure of hCG and assess its biological activities. Summary The atrophogenic potential of medium-potent topical glucocorticoids is still controversial. In a double-blind controlled trial 24 healthy volunteers either applied 0.25% prednicarbate cream or the corresponding vehicle to one and 0.1% betamethasone-17-valerate cream or 0.05% clobetasol-17-propionate cream to the other forearm twice daily. Skin thickness was regularly assessed during the six week period of application and for further three weeks thereafter, using both the B- and A-mode of a 20 MHz ultrasound scanner. Both betamethasone-17-valerate and clobetasol-17-propionate cream significantly reduced skin thickness as compared to cream base while prednicarbate cream did not. Given that 0.1% betamethasone-17-valerate- and 0.25% prednicarbate cream are reported to be about equipotent in the treatment of atopic eczema the latter preparation shows an increased ratio between its desired anti-inflammatory and its unwanted atrophogenic effect. Summary Doppler sonography allows the evaluation of vascular stenoses (e.g., at the carotid artery) and, applying the principle of vascular impedance, the determination of vascular resistance indices (e.g., in the brain or transplanted organs). Color-flow Doppler sonography allows the visualization of blood flow and the identification of abnormal blood flow patterns such as vortex formation. This advanced Doppler technique has been established as a new method for the identification of ulcerative plaques in carotid artery stenoses, for the detection and localization of vascular injuries, and for diagnosis of vein thrombosis and examination of liver perfusion. In addition, new diagnostic aspects result from a better understanding of pulsatile blood flow and from visualizing blood flow hemodynamics. Mice genetically engineered to express human FcRn are valuable models for the evaluation of therapeutic antibodies in the context of human FcRn in vivo. However, only limited clinical chemistry information on these mouse strains is available. Thus, we have compared 30 clinical chemical parameters of C57BL/6J wild-type mice, murine FcRn-knockout mice, and two human FcRn transgenic mouse strains expressing human FcRn in the absence of murine FcRn. Since FcRn-mediated recycling prevents albumin and IgG from intracellular degradation, significant differences for both proteins were observed in the murine FcRn-knockout mice. Mice lacking FcRn show lower IgG and albumin levels compared to wild-type mice. The most prominent differences in clinical chemical parameters can be explained by secondary effects of the altered albumin levels of murine FcRn-knockout mice on liver metabolism, as similar tendencies have been observed in analbuminemic Nagase rats and hypoalbuminemic human patients, showing an overall increased liver metabolism. Both human FcRn transgenic strains show clinical chemical parameters similar to those found for wild-type mice, with the exception of endogenous IgG levels, which are greatly reduced in these mice. The antennae of the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria possess a pair of nerve pathways which are established by so-called pioneer neurons early in embryonic development. Subsequently, sensory cell clusters mediating olfaction, flight, optomotor responses, and phase changes differentiate from the antennal epithelium at stereotypic locations and direct their axons onto those of the pioneers to then project to the brain. Early in embryonic development, before the antennae become cuticularized, immunolabeling can be used to follow axogenesis in these pioneers and sensory cells. At later stages, immunolabeling becomes problematical as the cuticle is laid down and masks internal antigen sites. In order to immunolabel the nervous system of cuticularized late embryonic and first instar grasshopper antennae, we modified a procedure known as sonication in which the appendage is exposed to ultrasound thereby rendering it porous to antibodies. Comparisons of the immunolabeled nervous system of sectioned and sonicated antennae show that the cellular organization of sensory clusters and their axon projections is intact. The expression patterns of neuron-specific, microtubule-specific, and proliferative cell-specific labels in treated antennae are consistent with those reported for earlier developmental stages where sonication is not necessary, suggesting that these molecular epitopes are also conserved. The method ensures reliable immunolabeling in intact, cuticularized appendages so that the peripheral nervous system can be reconstructed directly via confocal microscopy throughout development. This study analyzes trends and determinants of the height of men born in the 100 largest American urban areas during the second half of the nineteenth century and compares them with heights of the rural population. In this sample of 21,704 US Army recruits, there is an urban height penalty of up to 0.58 in. An increment in urban population of 100,000 is associated with a height decrease of about 0.31 in. Urban heights declined after 1855 followed by stagnation until the early 1890s, whereas rural heights stagnated from the late 1840s until 1885. Urban recruits from the northeast were 0.46 in. (1.2 cm) shorter than urban Midwestern recruits. There is some evidence of a height convergence between large and small cities toward the end of the century and of an inverted U-shaped relationship between height and city size. Urban heights were positively correlated with the extent of the railroad network, the real wage rate in the manufacturing sector, and high socioeconomic status, while they were negatively correlated with the death rate, and the percentage of the city’s population employed in manufacturing. Desmosomes provide strong intercellular cohesion essential for the integrity of cells and tissues exposed to continuous mechanical stress. For desmosome assembly, constitutively synthesized desmosomal cadherins translocate to the cell–cell border, cluster and mature in the presence of Ca 2+ to stable cell contacts. As adherens junctions precede the formation of desmosomes, we investigated in this study the relationship between the classical cadherin E-cadherin and the desmosomal cadherin Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), the latter of which is indispensable for cell–cell adhesion in keratinocytes. By using autoantibodies from patients with the blistering skin disease pemphigus vulgaris (PV), we showed in loss of function studies that E-cadherin compensates for effects of desmosomal disassembly. Overexpression of E-cadherin reduced the loss of cell cohesion induced by PV autoantibodies and attenuated activation of p38 MAPK. Silencing of E-cadherin abolished the localization of Dsg3 at the membrane and resulted in a shift of Dsg3 from the cytoskeletal to the non-cytoskeletal protein pool which conforms to the notion that E-cadherin regulates desmosome assembly. Mechanistically, we identified a complex consisting of extradesmosomal Dsg3, E-cadherin, β-catenin and Src and that the stability of this complex is regulated by Src. Moreover, Dsg3 and E-cadherin are phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in a Src-dependent manner and Src activity is required for recruiting Dsg3 to the cytoskeletal pool as well as for desmosome maturation towards a Ca 2+-insensitive state. Our data provide new insights into the role of E-cadherin and the contribution of Src signaling for formation and maintenance of desmosomal junctions. Central complex modules in the postembryonic brain of the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria are enveloped by Repo-positive/glutamine-synthetase-positive astrocyte-like glia. Such cells constitute Rind-Neuropil Interface glia. We have investigated the postembryonic development of these glia and their anatomical relationship to axons originating from the w, x, y, z tract system of the pars intercerebralis. For efficient social interactions, humans have developed means to predict and understand others’ behavior often with reference to intentions and desires. To infer others’ intentions, however, one must assume that the other is an agent with a mind and mental states. With two experiments, this study examined if the human perceptual system is sensitive to detecting human agents, based on only subtle behavioral cues. Participants observed robots, which performed pointing gestures interchangeably to the left or right with one of their two arms. Onset times of the pointing movements could have been pre-programmed, human-controlled (Experiment 1), or modeled after a human behavior (Experiment 2). The task was to determine if the observed behavior was controlled by a human or by a computer program, without any information about what parameters of behavior this judgment should be based on. Results showed that participants were able to detect human behavior above chance in both experiments. Moreover, participants were asked to discriminate a letter (F/T) presented on the left or the right side of a screen. The letter could have been either validly cued by the robot (location that the robot pointed to coincided with the location of the letter) or invalidly cued (the robot pointed to the opposite location than the letter was presented). In this cueing task, target discrimination was better for the valid versus invalid conditions in Experiment 1 where a human face was presented centrally on a screen throughout the experiment. This effect was not significant in Experiment 2 where participants were exposed only to a robotic face. In sum, present results show that the human perceptual system is sensitive to subtleties of human behavior. Attending to where others attend, however, is modulated not only by adopting the Intentional Stance but also by the way participants interpret the observed stimuli. Potential trade-offs between providing sufficient food for a growing human population in the future and sustaining ecosystems and their services are driven by various biophysical and socio-economic parameters at different scales. In this study, we investigate these trade-offs by using a three-step interdisciplinary approach. We examine (1) how the expected global cropland expansion might affect food security in terms of agricultural production and prices, (2) where natural conditions are suitable for cropland expansion under changing climate conditions, and (3) whether this potential conversion to cropland would affect areas of high biodiversity value or conservation importance. Our results show that on the one hand, allowing the expansion of cropland generally results in an improved food security not only in regions where crop production rises, but also in net importing countries such as India and China. On the other hand, the estimated cropland expansion could take place in many highly biodiverse regions, pointing out the need for spatially detailed and context-specific assessments to understand the possible outcomes of different food security strategies. Our multidisciplinary approach is relevant with respect to the Sustainable Development Goals for implementing and enforcing sustainable pathways for increasing agricultural production, and ensuring food security while conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. Background As a consequence of the increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes, new strategies for equine parasite control are being implemented. To assess the potential risks of these, the occurrence of strongyles was evaluated in a group of 1887 horses. The distribution of fecal egg counts (FECs), the frequency of anthelmintic drug use, and the deworming intervals were also analyzed. Between June 2012 and May 2013, 1887 fecal samples from either selectively or strategically dewormed horses were collected at 195 horse farms all over Germany and analyzed quantitatively with a modified McMaster technique. All samples with FEC ≥20 eggs per gram (EPG) were subjected to coproculture to generate third-stage larvae (LIII) for species differentiation. Results Egg counts were below the limit of detection (20 EPG) in 1046 (55.4%) samples and above it in 841 (44.6%) samples. Strongylus vulgaris larvae were identified in two of the 841 positive samples. Infections with cyathostomes were found on every farm. The most frequently applied anthelmintic was ivermectin (788/50.8%), followed by pyrantel (336/21.6%). The mean time since last treatment was 6.3 months. High-egg-shedding (>500 EPG) strategically dewormed horses (183/1357) were treated, on average, three times/year. The planned treatment date was already exceeded by 72.5% of the high egg-shedders and by 58.1% of the moderate (200-500 EPG) and low egg-shedders (20-199 EPG). Conclusions S. Vulgaris seems to be rare in Germany and no difference in its frequency has yet been found between selectively treated horses and horses receiving treatment in strategic intervals. However, inconsistent parasite control has been observed. Therefore, to minimize the risks for disease, consistent and efficient parasite control should be implemented. The root-mean-square (rms) charge radius r p of the proton has so far been known only with a surprisingly low precision of about 1% from both electron scattering and precision spectroscopy of hydrogen. We have recently determined r p by means of laser spectroscopy of the Lamb shift in the exotic “muonic hydrogen” atom. Here, the muon, which is the 200 times heavier cousin of the electron, orbits the proton with a 200 times smaller Bohr radius. This enhances the sensitivity to the proton’s finite size tremendously. Our new value r p = 0.84184 (67) fm is ten times more precise than the generally accepted CODATA-value, but it differs by 5 standard deviations from it. A lively discussion about possible solutions to the “proton size puzzle” has started. Our measurement, together with precise measurements of the 1S–2S transition in regular hydrogen and deuterium, also yields improved values of the Rydberg constant, R ∞ = 10,973,731.568160 (16) m − 1. Although the concept of a “free atom” is of use as a first approximation, a full quantum description of the interaction of atoms with an omnipresent electromagnetic radiation field is necessary for a proper account of spontaneous emission and radiative level shifts such as the Lamb shift (Chapt. 27). This chapter is concerned with the changes in the atom-field interaction that take place when the radiation field is modified by the presence of a cavity. An atom in the vicinity of a plane perfect mirror serves as an example of cavity quantum electrodynamics [79.1,2,3,4,5]. Cavity QED The primary focus in this chapter is the two extreme cases of weak coupling and strong coupling, as exemplified by spontaneous emission. Collaborative learning is widely regarded as an effective instructional approach. It has been shown that by having learners collaborate with peers, they may come to externalize their knowledge, monitor each others’ learning, and jointly negotiate meaning. These activities may trigger significant individual cognitive processes that ultimately lead to individual knowledge construction (see Webb & Palincsar, 1996). On a theoretical level, the benefits of collaborative learning are often described in Piagetian and Vygotskyan terms: in collaborative learning, it is argued, that “socio-cognitive conflicts” (Doise & Mugny, 1984) may arise. When learners then try to resolve these conflicts, individual learning is stimulated. In addition, researchers claim that collaborators can provide one another with a “zone of proximal development” (Vygotsky, 1978). This is achieved by mutually scaffolding their activity such that they can perform slightly above their current level of competence. Contextual information provides an important source for behavioral orienting. For instance, in the contextualcuing paradigm, repetitions of the spatial layout of elements in a search display can guide attention to the target location. The present study explored how this contextual-cuing effect is influenced by the grouping of search elements. In Experiment 1, four nontarget items could be arranged collinearly to form an imaginary square. The presence of such a square eliminated the contextual-cuing effect, despite the fact that the square’s location still had a predictive value for the target location. Three follow-up experiments demonstrated that other types of grouping abolished contextual cuing in a similar way and that the mere presence of a task-irrelevant singleton had only a diminishing effect (by half ) on contextual cuing. These findings suggest that a segmented, salient region can interfere with contextual cuing, reducing its predictive impact on search. Due to technological and scientific advances, a new approach to autism therapy has emerged, namely robot-assisted therapy. However, as of now, no systematic studies have examined the specific cognitive mechanisms that are affected by robot-assisted training. This study used knowledge and methodology of experimental psychology to design a training protocol involving a pet robot CuDDler (A*STAR Singapore), which targeted at the specific cognitive mechanism of responding to joint attention (RJA). The training protocol used a modified attention cueing paradigm, where head direction of the robot cued children’s spatial attention to a stimulus presented on one of the sides of the robot. The children were engaged in a game that could be completed only through following the head direction of the robot. Over several weeks of training, children learned to follow the head movement of the robot and thus trained their RJA skills. Results showed improvement in RJA skills post training, relative to a pre-training test. Importantly, the RJA skills were transferred from interaction with the robot to interaction with the human experimenter. This shows that with the use of objective measures and protocols grounded in methods of experimental psychology, it is possible to design efficient training of specific social cognitive mechanisms, which are the basis for more complex social skills. This study employs labels for cell proliferation and cell death, as well as classical histology to examine the fates of all eight neural stem cells (neuroblasts) whose progeny generate the central complex of the grasshopper brain during embryogenesis. These neuroblasts delaminate from the neuroectoderm between 25 and 30% of embryogenesis and form a linear array running from ventral (neuroblasts Z, Y, X, and W) to dorsal (neuroblasts 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5) along the medial border of each protocerebral hemisphere. Their stereotypic location within the array, characteristic size, and nuclear morphologies, identify these neuroblasts up to about 70% of embryogenesis after which cell shrinkage and shape changes render progressively more cells histologically unrecognizable. Molecular labels show all neuroblasts in the array are proliferative up to 70% of embryogenesis, but subsequently first the more ventral cells (72–75%), and then the dorsal ones (77–80%), cease proliferation. By contrast, neuroblasts elsewhere in the brain and optic lobe remain proliferative. Apoptosis markers label the more ventral neuroblasts first (70–72%), then the dorsal cells (77%), and the absence of any labeling thereafter confirms that central complex neuroblasts have exited the cell cycle via programmed cell death. Our data reveal appearance, proliferation, and cell death proceeding as successive waves from ventral to dorsal along the array of neuroblasts. The resulting timelines offer a temporal blueprint for building the neuroarchitecture of the various modules of the central complex. New microthermometric data combined with stable isotope geochemistry and paragenetic relationships support a previously suggested cooling–mixing model for the iron oxide–copper–gold mineralization in the Mantoverde district. Fluid inclusions show characteristics of a CO 2-bearing aqueous NaCl ± CaCl 2 salt system. The evolution of the Mantoverde hydrothermal system is characterized by (1) an early hypersaline, high to moderate temperature fluid; (2) a moderate saline, moderate temperature fluid; and (3) a low saline, moderate to low temperature fluid. Early magnetite formation took place at median temperatures of 435.0°C, whereas hematite formed at median temperatures of 334.4°C. The main sulfide mineralization texturally post-dates the iron oxides and occurred before late-stage calcite, which developed at a median temperature of 244.8°C. Boiling occurs only locally and is of no relevance for the ore formation. The microthermometric and stable isotope data are supportive for a fluid cooling and mixing model, and suggestive for a predominantly magmatic–hydrothermal fluid component during the iron oxide and main sulfide mineralization. Thereafter, the incursion of a nonmagmatic fluid of ultimately meteoric or seawater gains more importance. Sense of community (SoC) in communities of practice (CoP) seems to play a similar role to that of group cohesion in small groups: Both sustain participants’ knowledge sharing, which in turn substantiates the socio-cognitive structures that make up the CoP such as scholar identities, practical repertoires in research and teaching or relationships between colleagues. However, empirical evidence of relationships between SoC and other CoP variables is scarce. A correlation study among German and Romanian scholars (N = 136) investigates predictors and effects of the social component of SoC (SoC-S) in academia. A conceptual model is validated, displaying CoP members’ socio-emotional interpersonal knowledge as the strongest predictor of SoC-S and of knowledge sharing acceptance. Further, SoC-S significantly mediates the effect of time and centrality in CoP on knowledge sharing acceptance. The model explains a relatively large part of the variance of SoC-S (27%) and of knowledge sharing acceptance (33%). For academic practice, the study emphasizes the importance of SoC and interpersonal knowledge in academic communities as major factors of community building and knowledge sharing motivation. An improved setup for femtosecond two-photon photoemission spectroscopy (TR-2PPE) is presented. Two noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers (NOPA) were operated simultaneously at a repetition rate of 150 kHz. The frequencies of the NOPA outputs were tuned such that subsequent second harmonic generation (SHG) provided the two different ultraviolet wavelengths required for the pump and probe pulse. The width of the crosscorrelation function (CC) for pump and probe pulse was sub-30 fs (FWHM). The performance of this assembly was tested by measuring the lifetime of image potential states (IS) on Cu(111) and Ag(111) surfaces. We present here for the first time lifetimes of the IS that were determined directly from the measured decay of the 2PPE signal. There is increasing evidence that a defect of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is implicated in the development of Parkinson disease. Decreased complex I activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain has been reported in platelets, muscle, and brain of patients with Parkinson disease. Extrapyramidal symptoms (e.g. Parkinsonism and dystonic reactions) are major limiting side effects of neuroleptics. Experimental evidence suggests that neuroleptics inhibit complex I in rat brain. There has not been a study of the effects of neuroleptics in human tissue, however. We therefore analyzed the activities of complexes I + III, complexes II + III, succinate dehydrogenase, complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), and of citrate synthase in normal human brain cortex after the addition of haloperidol and chlorpromazine and the atypical neuroleptics risperidone, zotepine, and clozapine. Activity of complex I was progressively inhibited by all neuroleptics. Half maximal inhibition (IC 50) was 0.1 mM fo r haloperidol, 0.4 mM for chlorpromazine, and 0.5 mM for risperidone and zotepine. Clozapine had no effect on enzyme activity at concentrations up to 0.5 mM, followed by a slow decline with a maximum inhibition of 70% at 10 mM. IC50 was at about 2.5 mM. Thus, the concentration of clozapine needed to cause 50% inhibition of the activity of complexes I and III was about 5 times that of zotepine and risperidone, about 6 times that of chlorpromazine, and 25 times that of haloperidol. The inhibition thus paralleled the incidence of extrapyramidal effects caused by the different neuroleptics as they are known from numerous clinical studies. Our data support the hypothesis that neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal side effects may be due to inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. (Mol Cell Biochem 174: 255–259, 1997). Growth factors and growth factor receptors are considered to be key elements in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. To study the local expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, plaque tissue specimens from advanced lesions (10 coronary, 2 femoral, 7 carotid) of 19 patients were taken for in situ hybridization studies using an EGF-specific cDNA probe. In serial vascular sections of 3 lesions with increased focal cellularity, autoradiographic silver grains were clearly localized to intimal cells adjacent to the internal elastic lamina. EGF mRNA transcripts were not observed in the fibrous cap, the plaque shoulders, necrotic intimal areas, or in the media. In smooth muscle cells (SMCs) cultured from human plaque tissue, EGF increased SMC proliferative activity in a dose dependent manner (ED 50: 3–6 ng of EGF/ml). Proliferative responsiveness to EGF (10 ng/ml) was found to be significantly (p. We describe on going community-efforts to create a Linked Open Data (sub-)cloud of linguistic resources, with an emphasis on resources that are specific to linguistic research, namely annotated corpora and linguistic databases. We argue that for both types of resources, the application of the Linked Open Data paradigm and the representation in RDF represents a promising approach to address interoperability problems, and to integrate information from different repositories. This is illustrated with example studies for different kinds of linguistic resources.The efforts described in this chapter are conducted in the context of the Open Linguistics Working Group (OWLG) of the Open Knowledge Foundation. The OWLG is a network of researchers interested in linguistic resources and/or their publication under open licenses, and a number of its members are engaged in the application of the Linked Open Data paradigm to their resources. Under the umbrella of the OWLG, these efforts will eventually emerge in the creation of a Linguistic Linked Open Data cloud (LLOD). To interpret our environment, we integrate information from all our senses. For moving objects, auditory and visual motion signals are correlated and provide information about the speed and the direction of the moving object. We investigated at what level the auditory and the visual modalities interact and whether the human brain integrates only motion signals that are ecologically valid. We found that the sensitivity for identifying motion was improved when motion signals were provided in both modalities. This improvement in sensitivity can be explained by probability summation. That is, auditory and visual stimuli are combined at a decision level, after the stimuli have been processed independently in the auditory and the visual pathways. Furthermore, this integration is direction blind and is not restricted to ecologically valid motion signals. It has been shown that hyperthermia alone or in combination with radiation or some cytotoxic drugs causes greater damage in tumor tissue than in normal tissue. This effect is attributed to a higher sensitivity of tumor cells to heat and to changes in the microenvironment of the malignant tissue. Alterations were found in blood flow, oxygen tension and tissue pH. To some extent these alterations may be related to changes in hemostasis, for instance fibrinogen deposition in the tumor favoring tumor necrosis. A framework for boolean-valued judgment aggregation is described. The simple (im)possibility results in this paper highlight the role of the set of truth values and its algebraic structure. In particular, it is shown that central properties of aggregation rules can be formulated as homomorphy or order-preservation conditions on the mapping between the power-set algebra over the set of individuals and the algebra of truth values. This is further evidence that the problems in aggregation theory are driven by information loss, which in our framework is given by a coarsening of the algebra of truth values. Polyfluorene represents a unique model to study the influence of intramolecular conformation on the electronic properties of chromophores with an extended π-conjugation. According to the degree of planarity between the adjacent repeat units the electronic and optical properties can change substantially. This peculiar spectroscopic behavior has been described by identifying different phases, namely the glassy, the γ- and the β-phase. Here, we present low-temperature single-molecule spectroscopy of a series of oligofluorenes differing in the number of monomeric units, in order to gain information on the influence of chain length on the polymorphism. By monitoring the energy of the 0-0 transition we have classified single molecules belonging to the different phases. We demonstrate that a large number of molecules start to form the β-phase only when more than 9 repeat units constitute the molecular chain. The implications for the control of morphology in polyfluorene thin films are discussed. Dating M1 shell - posted in STEEL AND KEVLAR HELMETS: Forum members, Ive got a McCord M1 helmet shell I purchased about ten years ago.The paint and chinstrap are. Two GIs taking a smoke break during WWII wearing the M1 helmet. The soldier on the right wears a helmet with a late model helmet net and elastic foliage band while the helmet on the soldier on the left exhibits common paint loss to the helmet rim. By Paul Sayegusa Is this a WWII helmet? Few questions evoke so many opinions as this one often asked at shows, auctions, or online forums. Sometimes, the people answering the question seem to try outdo others by over-complicating an already complicated evaluation. In order to accurately deduce if a M1 helmet and liner are of WWII origin, it is important to know the basic manufacturing characteristics of the helmet and liner as new specification changes emerged. Approximating dates according to stamps in WWII helmets cannot always be done as some are unreadable. The collector should take note that as new specifications came into being, older patterns were normally used up, inconjunction with the production of new specification models of any part of the helmet. So, it is normal for odd combinations such as a fiber liner with a herringbone suspension. This can result in many interesting combinations, both historically and informatively. This article will provide the new collector with a step-by-step process to determine the WWII vintage of the M1 helmet. The M1 helmets distinctive WWII manufacturing features will be described as well as dates approximating time of specification changes. Attention will be made to alert the collector of post-WWII modifications due to specification changes that were applied to helmets originally produced during WWII. STEEL HELMET. Mc Cord was the first and the largest producer of WWII M1 helmet shells. They were also marked with an alpha numerical stamp in the same place as Shlueter made helmets but did not possess any other distinguishing hallmarks. Adopted shortly before the United States entry into WWII, the first production M1 helmet shell was made of manganese steel coated in cork aggregate and dark olive drab paint. This combination gave the helmet a dark, coarse, appearance and texture. An alpha/numerical stamp is located on the lower inside front of the helmet where the helmet flares out to the rim. The stamp can be hard to see but can identify maker and approximate year of manufacture. These features are common to all WWII helmets and were never changed during the course of the war. Over time some shells developed stress cracks, which can vary from superficial surface crack/s to penetrating cracks in the helmet and are normal due to the age of original WWII helmets but do reduce the value of a helmet. For this reason, any M1 helmet of WWII to Vietnam War vintage should be handled carefully to reduce chance of damage. Initial production helmets in 1941 to late 1943 had their rims seemed in the front. All M1 helmets with this feature among others were produced during or just prior to WWII. The “rim seam” refers to where the ends of the reinforcing strip of metal protecting the bottom edge of the helmet meet together. From 1941 to late 1943, the seam met in the front center edge of the steel helmet. The rim was made of stainless steel which did not rust but shined excessively when exposed, as the paint normally did not hold up well under constant contact with hard surfaces. In 1944, an attempt to fix the problem of excessive shine of the rim’s exposed metal was made by changing the rim material to manganese steel. At that time, the seam moved 180 degrees to the center rear edge of the helmet. CHINSTRAP LOOPS. Originally, the chin straps were sewn onto fixed loops. This feature was installed on all front and early rear seamed helmets. The fixed loops were a weak point in the helmets design because the loops were in constant contact with the surface. Enough became broken off that they were superseded by the swivel loop type chinstrap attachments in 1943. Metal loops (often collectors will refer to these as “bails”) attached the chinstraps to the helmet. From 1941 to late 1943, these loops were welded directly to the left and right side of the helmet. In the collecting terms, these are referred to as “fixed loop.” The fixed loops were rigid and were prone to snapping off the helmet. In late 1942, a “swivel loop” was adopted and was such a successful improvement that it was retained on all future production of the M1 helmets until it was phased out in the mid 1980s. The airborne used a fixed loop in the shape of a half circle for most of the war but also used the standard swivel loop by the end of the war. From 1941 to late 1943, chin straps were constructed of cotton webbing in olive drab shade number three (top). It was produced in different shades from khaki to light green. Although officially phased out in 1943, the number three shade was used passed 1943, until supplies were exhausted. The decision to adopt the shade of field gear material to the darker olive drab number seven (bottom) was made by the end of 1943. It is usually found sewn on to rear seamed helmet shells. CHIN STRAP The chin straps on all WWII infantry helmets were sewn on to the loops described above. Initially they were dyed olive drab number three which was technically a greenish khaki, but in practice was produced in varying shades from khaki to greenish khaki. In 1943, a decision was made to phase out olive drab number three in favor of olive drab number seven, or dark olive drab. By the end of 1944, the new color change was implemented. This change was not completed over night by all manufacturers as the old number three material was normally used until exhausted. ADJUSTMENT BUCKLE AND SECURING END CAP. From 1941 to late 1942, the chin strap buckle was made from a brass casting that can be readily distinguished by its brass construction and the raised bar cast into the top of the buckle. After 1942, a simplified buckle was developed to ease construction and conserve brass. The new buckle, stamped out of steel and painted black would remain unchanged for the rest of WWII. The adjustment keeper was placed at the end of the chinstrap to secure the extra webbing after adjustment. The manufacturing processes tabs used were the same as the buckle. On the underside of the buckle were two rounded tabs. These tabs were be replaced by square tabs in 1965. These parts are located on the right chin strap. Early adjustment buckles were cast in brass with a distinctive raised bar in the center and finished black. The end cap was used to secure the free end of the chin strap once it had been adjusted to the wearers chin. In 1943, in order to ease production and save brass, a new blackened steel stamped buckle was approved along with a steel end cap. Late 1944 saw the resumption of brass in the production in metal hardware. This was the last WWII specification regarding the chin strap assembly. CHIN STRAP HOOK This piece is located on the left chin strap and is used in conjunction with the buckle on the right side to secure the chin strap assembly under the wearers chin. The hook underwent the same material and finish changes as the buckle and securing cap at the same time. By 1950, new specifications had been adopted which changed how the M1 helmet was produced. Although most of these changes were cosmetic they did differ from helmets produced during WWII and determined if a WWII produced helmet was altered from original WWII era of manufacture. In the early 1950s, a fine sand aggregate was applied to new and refurbished older M1 helmet shells. If the exterior of the helmet feels like fine sand it is not a WWII helmet. This is where some of the confusion lies. It was very common for WWII produced shells to be repainted after WWII to post-war specifications. The following chin straps are common upgrades that can be found on post-war-modified WWII manufactured helmets. From left to right: A pair of clamped chin straps with male snaps for the parachutist M1 helmet and liner next to a pair of standard infantry chinstrap used from early 1950s to the mid-1970s. The buckle and loop clamps of the initial issue of this chinstrap were painted green. The last issue chin strap was introduced in FM 21-15 by 1972. It clipped on to the helmet loops and incorporated a chin cup previously reserved for the parachutist helmet. The purchaser must take in the totality of all features to ensure he/she is getting a true WWII helmet and liner. To be considered a WWII helmet, the helmet in question must possess all original manufacturing techniques and parts dating from the first approved production models in 1941 to the last WWII specifications in 1944. If any post-1944 changes are present in any part of the helmet, then it cannot be considered a true WWII helmet. Depending on the post-war change a part may be simply changed for an original period correct piece or more drastic measures taken such as repainting to original specifications. If refurbishing is properly done, the helmet will be period correct, but generally will not command the price of an unaltered original WWII built helmet. Restored helmets are best suited for re-enactors as the use of original helmets is not recommended due to damage that may occur. This is an example of two WWII manufactured front seamed helmets. On the left is an original unaltered helmet with dark paint and coarse cork aggregate and sewn chin straps. On the right, a front seamed helmet refurbished to 1950s specifications with lighter paint and fine sand aggregate and metal clamped chin straps. Original helmets with proven period applied unit markings such as airborne or other unit markings will increase the price exponentially, but are outside the scope of this article. Beware of fakes. A collector should keep in mind that while books are a great way to increase your knowledge, some details are just better for one to see. Few techniques are better than getting out and developing relationships with reputable dealers who can provide a wealth of information and possibly have a real example to purchase and/or study. File image of Narendra Modi and Emmanuel Macron. PTI Germany is the most successful economy in Europe today and it is but natural that economic dimensions dominate the Delhi-Berlin ties. The prime minister’s visit to Spain underlined the potential of Spanish expertise in the fields of renewable energy, high-speed rail, infrastructure, tunneling, air space management and waste water management in Make in India, Smart Cities Mission, Digital India, Swachh Bharat, Start Up India, Skill India and other initiatives. However, a special look at Modi’s visit to France is in order. Because, France, like Russia, has been a special friend of India. In fact, it has been a friend even during rough times. Therefore, the visit should be seen beyond the common resolve to fight terrorism and withstand climate change by protecting earth and its natural resources as per the Paris Agreement, to which almost the major countries are committed, save the United States under the Trump administration. This is Modi's third visit to France in the last three years. In 2015, France was the first European country that Modi visited as prime minister. Last year, he was in Paris to attend the UN climate change conference. And this time, it was perhaps necessitated by his desire to meet the newly-elected French president Emmanuel Macron so that the ever-improving bilateral ties under his predecessors, including Francoise Hollande, remained on track. All told, Macron, whose jump into the race for president was sudden and unexpected, had hardly revealed where he stood on foreign policy during the campaign — which in a way, was the case with Modi during the 2014 election — he focused mainly on domestic matters. Macron's foreign policy vision dealt with only his commitments to the European Union (EU) and NATO. And the only country he mentioned outside the EU was Russia, where he was critical of its alleged interference in the US presidential election. However, French experts like Jean Luc Racine, senior CNRS fellow at the Centre for South Asian Studies (EHESS) in Paris and Francoise Godement, director of the Asia Programme at the European Council on Foreign Relations, suggest that French policy towards India under Macron will continue to be on upswing. Their reason? France has decided to construct six EPR (nuclear reactors) of 1,600 MW each in India. Equally important, cooperation between the regulatory agencies in both countries, the French ASN and the Indian Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, have been stepped up. Scientists from both countries are working together at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu and sharing knowledge of a new prototype. Android 18 Raped by Cell. Watch a hot sex animation with dragon ball z characters. The creature caught this tight young slut and is fucking pussy and ass hard. Another area of cooperation has been the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) at Cadarache, France where a team of Indian scientists have been since 2007. India-French cooperation in space technology has not been publicised the way it should have been. It began nearly 60 years ago, when France provided India the technology to start producing the Centaure sounding rockets domestically. The first Indian Satellite Telecommunication Experimental Project (STEP) was undertaken during the 1970s by using the French satellite Symphonie; it was followed by Ariane launching the Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE). In fact, Arianespace was the preferred agency for launching large Indian satellites, particularly the INSAT and GSAT series. And now that India has developed its independent launch capabilities, French organizations like EADS Astrium and Indian commercial arm Antrix have found it mutually beneficial to work to market Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle capabilities together in the West. Though defence cooperation between the two countries goes back to 1950s and 60s — in the 50s France had provided 104 Ouragan aircraft to the Indian Air Force, rechristened “toofani” by India — the decision to embark on a strategic partnership in 1998 led to the establishment of a High Committee on Defence Cooperation. This forum promotes political dialogue and high-level military consultations between officials, cooperation between armed forces through exchanges and joint exercises, and long-term partnerships between Indian and French entities in the field of armaments industry. France was the first country with which India conducted a joint naval exercise called 'Varun' after the 1998 nuclear tests; our two countries have continued to hold this exercise over the years. Similarly, the IAF’s first bilateral exercise in 2003 with a foreign counterpart, 'Garuda I', was once again with the French Air Force. France’s steadfastness as a military ally contrasts strongly with that of the United States, which has not been the most reliable supplier of military items and technologies. It vetoed or slowed components for the Light Combat Aircraft that India is developing and imposed an arms embargo on India following the 1998 nuclear tests. There are similar apprehensions about Germany's reliability as a partner, as under German law, delivery of weapons and spare parts are prohibited to a country at war. All this explains why India is not only procuring the Rafale fighter aircraft from France, but is also going ahead with three other defence projects with France: Rs 50,000-crore for six Scorpene submarines, nearly Rs 15,000-crore upgrade for 51 Mirage-2000s and about Rs 10,000-crore acquisition of 490 MICA missile systems. There is what is called the middle powers congruence between New Delhi and Paris as both India and France have valued their respective “strategic autonomy”. France has never been a blind supporter of the United States, even though it is a member of the US-led NATO. Modi’s latest visit to France has strengthened this congruence further, which, indeed, is more important than what the limited headlines on terrorism and climate deal might suggest. The Perth provided decades of reliable, high-quality contact with launchers such as Ariane, Vega and Soyuz and satellites such as Hipparcos, Giotto, XMM-Newton, SMART-1, the Sentinels and Cluster. These included many of ESA's highest-profile Earth observation, science and navigation missions. It was also involved in missions from ESA partners including the French space agency and Eumetsat, and it even detected signals from a Russian Mars probe after contact had initially been lost. Ironically, the retirement of the Perth antenna has come about not due to any technical obsolescence, but rather through a very human factor: Perth's expanding population and the conflicting needs for radio spectrum. Making way for people The ever-growing metropolitan area of Perth is now encroaching on the station's compound, the Perth International Telecommunications Centre, making it increasingly difficult to ensure an interference-free environment for the most-used frequencies. The growing demand of Perth's citizens and businesses for wireless Internet access and in particular the needs of TV Outside Broadcasting led the Australian Communication and Media Authority to withdraw permission for the use of certain frequencies by Perth station as of 31 December. This superb footage was acquired by cameras on the Soyuz Fregat upper stage that released Sentinel-1 into orbit on 3 April 2014. It shows the Sentinel-1 satellite separating from the Fregat to start its life in orbit around Earth. Credit: Arianespace/ESA/Roscosmos Three decades of tracking excellence In 30 years, the Perth antenna has been involved in some of the most crucial and demanding space missions. In 2009, it played a role in the double launch of ESA's Herschel and Planck space telescopes on Ariane flight V188. When Gaia climbed skywards on a Soyuz rocket in 2013, the Perth antenna tracked both the launcher and the satellite. With no way to practise such a complex event in advance, it had to work perfectly the first time. ESA's Perth station features a 15 m-diameter antenna and routinely supports the XMM-Newton and Cluster satellites, as well as other missions during their Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP). It is located 20 km north of Perth on the campus of the Perth International Telecommunications Centre. Credit: ESA In 2015, it was instrumental in bringing the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft through six critical orbit-raising manoeuvres to reach the final orbit 1.5 million km from Earth. Since 2009, the dish has tracked 20 launchers departing from Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, including six Ariane, ten Soyuz and four Vega flights. Centralising tracking down under 'Perth antenna retirement provides an opportunity to consolidate ESA's Australian tracking facilities at our existing New Norcia station, also in Western Australia, while deepening our partnership with local Australian telecommunication companies, all of which have strong technological expertise that we can tap,' says Manfred Lugert, Head of Ground Facilities at ESA's operations centre in Darmstadt, Germany. Perth antenna's core launcher and signal acquisition capability for newly launched satellites has been transferred to the New Norcia site, where a new, 4.5 m-diameter antenna is being commissioned (see 'Tracking new missions from down under'). The state-of-the-art 35 m antenna will continue working with deep-space missions. The antenna's routine tracking and telecommanding will be largely taken over by commercial service providers, including SSC Australia, which operates the Western Australia Space Centre near Dongara, 400 km north of Perth (and far from any crowds). The Perth antenna was last used to track the Soyuz rocket on 17 December carrying the twin Galileo navigation satellites, a fitting finale for one of ESA's longest-serving facilities. Explore further. Site Of The Month Links Free. A totally awesome online swingers magazine that is free free free. May 19, 2013 Do You Like Your Wife Dating Other Guys? Join friendly people sharing 21 true stories in the I Like My Wife Dating Other Guys group. Find forums, advice. Free Porn & Sex Video - Wife Shared With 2 Men From A Dating Site - 2489443 - Watch Free Porn Videos on NuVid.com! Sex Video Niches: Blowjob, Hairy, Group Sex. Our users love sharing their relationship with someone new. 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The trio, Michael, 49, Kamala Devi, 38, and Rachel, 27, live what's called a 'polyamorous' lifestyle. Rachel moved into Michael and Kamala Devi's home six months ago. Kamala Devi said she allowed Rachel into their lives because 'I saw Michael lit up and I saw him happy.' Monogamy is just not for them, she said. The three are into meditation, yoga and Tantra sex. 'We have a lot of sex and a lot of sex partners over the years,' Michael said. They call what they have a 'pod,' like what you would call a group of dolphins. They practice safe sex and total honesty. 'The first rule is really about making sure that we have created the space to have that conversation,' Kamala Devi said. Kamala Devi and Michael have a 6-year-old son together named Devin, and Rachel provides a helping hand. 'We share life together,' Kamala Devi said. 'It takes a village to raise a child and it feels really good to have that kind of support.' This kind of 'polyamorous' relationship is becoming increasingly common, experts say. 'The divorce rate in the United States is over 50 percent. People are not staying nearly as faithful they used to,' said Dr. Karen Stewart, a sex therapist in Los Angeles. 'The world has become a much smaller place. We can seek out connections, there's dating sites on every street corner. You can go anywhere to meet someone now.' But could there ever be societal acceptance of something more than monogamy? Despite having multiple partners, Stewart said polyamorous relationships are about love and commitment. 'Polyamory is not about being swingers,' Stewart said. 'It's not about the one-off weekend with the couple we met at the bar. It's not about that. It's about forming long and lasting and loving relationships.' When asked if Devin, Michael and Kamala Devi's young son, understood their living arrangement with Rachel, Michael said, 'He understands the word 'polyamory.' He understands what that means. He doesn't really know what sex is yet.' Stewart said Devin's parents' polyamorous relationship might be hard for him to understand later in life. 'When he goes to school and in 10 years brings dates home, this is probably going to be a little complicated for him,' she said. 'I'm not sure if the parents are thinking down the road about that.' Kamala Devi denied that she accepted Rachel into their lives because she is afraid of losing Michael. 'A lot of people would look at this and say, 'She's younger and I have to put up with that,' but what I've noticed is she's really enriched my life,' she said. Aside from dating Michael and living with him and his wife, Rachel also has another boyfriend named Mikey, who lives in Florida, as well as a girlfriend called Thalia, and another male lover called James, who was also romantically involved with Kamala Devi. Kamala Devi, in addition, has a girlfriend of two years, called Roxanne. Kamala Devi also had a fling over the summer with Jason, one of Michael's coworkers. And then there is Tahl and Jennifer, a couple who lived with Michael and Kamala Devi for two years. 'Monogamy can be a really beautiful agreement between two people when they're deeply in love and they don't have desire for another,' Kamala Devi said. 'But most people in our society are just monogamous because their vows said, 'I will forsake all others for you.' ' Michael said he hopes to continue to grow their polyamorous community and 'potentially even get a hotel.' 'We would get a hotel that would be a polyamorous hotel,' he said. 'That's part of our future dreams.' 'That's very much what I see in my future. Living in a house with all of our lovers combined,' Rachel added. If this sounds like the perfect setting for a reality TV show, it already is. 'Married and Dating' has aired two seasons on Showtime. Kamala Devi and Michael, two of the people who starred on the show, said they wanted to show their 'lovestyle' to the world and spread the gospel of polyamory in hopes of speeding up societal acceptance of their situation. 'I really think that in 10 years society is going to be like this a new paradigm,' Kamala Devi said. 'The culture is changing.' 'It is quite normal already. It's just not out of the closet,' Michael added. Edit: Adding more information requested by the op. First: I like Auto Rickshaw and Rickshaw for transportation in Dhaka because these are the most comfortable ones. Image: CNG Auto Rickshaw. I surmise that this is one of most beautiful open-air transport in the multiverse. Image:Bangladeshi style Rickshaw at Sweden. Dhaka Escort Agency, a place to remember when it comes to exquisite female dating companions attainable seven days a week. Here at Dhaka Escorts we like to make each. 11,799 likes 340 talking about this 589 were here. Club Car produces the world's best personal and commercial utility vehicles. The War on Terror has failed. Yet despite everything, it continues, and with the support of the Netherlands. This must stop. The War on Terror began in 2001 with the invasion of Afghanistan. There then followed Iraq (2003), Libya (2011), and Iraq once more, together with Syria (2014). Over the same period secret wars have. How to Get Alcohol Since Dhaka is a Muslim city, it can be difficult to get your hands on alcohol. However, if you know where to look, you can obtain illicit alcohol. For example, if you are at a good hotel, you can ask the bell boy to serve you alcohol. Many of the top hotels in Dhaka are permitted to serve alcohol to tourists and foreigners. If you can’t get alcohol from your hotel, you will need to go to bars and clubs in Dhaka and Chittagong, which is nearby. Just keep in mind that Dhaka isn’t incredibly safe, so you should be careful who you talk to at night and where you go. There is an expat scene in Dhaka with plenty of partying and drinking. However, most tourists in Dhaka choose to head back to the hotel early. You can expect to spend less money on alcohol from bars in Dhaka and Chittagong than on alcohol from five star hotels like Sonargaon and Sheraton. You can go to “ Shalimar” and “Red Button” restaurants. You will be able to enjoy drinks, kebabs, and foods at these restaurants until 11:30 PM. How to Enjoy the Nightlife While there is a nightlife in Dhaka, this type of nightlife is not for everyone. Whether you enjoy the nightlife in Dhaka will depend on what you’re used to and what you’ve enjoyed in the past. There are social clubs in Dhaka that are open to the public. However, these social clubs are typically used for birthday parties, weddings, and other large gatherings. As stated above, since Bangladesh is an Islamic country, you will have a hard time finding alcohol, which can make the nightlife in Dhaka more difficult to enjoy. For example, most tourists have to head over to the Dhaka Shreaton to pay $5 for one Foster’s Lager beer. Going to Members-Only Clubs If you are able to get into members-only clubs, the nightlife in Dhaka will be markedly better for you. IC is one example of a members-only club. Every weekend, there are parties that involve dancing and drinking. Unfortunately, it is nearly impossible to become a member of this club unless you are a corporate or diplomat. However, you can buy a pass or ticket for the evening to go to one of the organized events. The drinks inside IC and other members-only clubs are not expensive at all. Usually, one drink will cost you 125 taka. You are also able to buy coupon books to get deals for drinks. Dinner is included in the vast majority of organized events. At the IC, there is a nice bar, swimming pool, garden, and tennis courts. More from SmarterTravel: • •. Habemus colodium! Nearly four years after I last shot a plate, I’ve finally got my hands on collodion solution again. The summer ordering blitz paid off, and two mainland Chinese vendors came through. I’ll start with the collodion supplied by Aladdin (/) which is better documented. I have some Poe Boy mixed up and should be ready to shoot this weekend. Can anyone explain why my mix turned yellow and settled out almost instantly? I used potassium iodide and bromide dissolved in water per John Coffer’s formula. The only difference is that I added some alcohol to the dissolved salts a few hours before mixing everything up. Should know soon enough if the formula is usable as is. Sizes of Photographs Enlargements were not a feature of early photographic processes. The size of the final photo was the same as that of the negative or photographic plate. And Tintypes Ambrotypes and Tintypes would usually be a fraction of a whole-plate glass size. Tintype sizes (inches): Full-plate 6½' x 8½' Half-plate 4½' x 5½' (See NOTE below) 1/4 plate 3 1/8' x 4 1/8' (See NOTE below) 1/6 plate 2 ½' x 3 ' (to be confirmed) 1/9 plate 2' x 2 ½' 1/16 plate 1 5/8' x 2 1/8' Gem ½' x 1' NOTE: The sizes quoted above for half-plate and quarter-plate are a little different from 'normal' glass plate sizes. FAKE: Edgar Allan Poe poses with Abraham Lincoln in Mathew Brady's Washington, D. Studio- February NOPE, this is a fake photo created for the book. November 'Robert Cornelius, self-portrait The first light-picture ever taken. This quarter-plate daguerreotype is said to be the earliest photographic portrait of a person. Ambrotype images were collodion negatives. For further information on Gem and Carte de Visite tintype photos, please see the web site of Photo. Shop for-and learn about-Antique Tintype Photographs. Cartes-de-visite cabinet cards real photo postcards photogravure stereoviews. Recent Photos. Bulldog Football and Cheer • 10/2/2017 - 11/9/2017 Arlington Hts Park District Soccer • 9/30/2017 - • Team and Individual Photographs. Victorian Young Couple - Old Tintype Photograph Royalty Free Stock Photo With coupon codes and promotional codes. I don't know why. Half-plate and whole plate sizes for glass plates are the appropriate proportions of whole-plate. - 6.5 ins x 4.25 ins (half-plate) - 4.25 ins x 3.25 ins (quarter-plate) from 1850s Small The smaller tintype photos that I have seen are 1 ½' x 2 ½' and ½' x 1' In both cases, they have been mount ed on trade cards 4 x 2 ½ ins. Large I have also received an email from a collector in London who has a photograph of a young girl with dress, ear rings and rings painted over the original photo. It is a tintype measuring 13 ins x 10 ins. Boudoir Prints 8.5 ins x 5.25 ins from when? Portraits I n the 19th century, studio portraits were usually produced as either cartes de visite (the smaller size) or cabinet prints (the larger size). Prices for multiple copies were affordable and 19th century photograph albums were usually designed so that these sizes of photo could be slotted into them. Size Cabinet prints were 5.5 ins x 4 ins photos mounted on cards 6.5 x 4.25 ins. With the photographer's name and address on the back of the card (or occasionally below the photo on the front of the card. Here are some examples of cabinet print from 1866 Views Cabinet size views were 8ins x 6 ins. They were collected and mounted in albums in the 19th century. Albums can still be found, often containing views by Valentine of Dundee and George Washington Wilson of Aberdeen. Valentine sold their cabinet size views for a shilling (£0.05) each. [Roddy Simpson] From the start of the 20th century, views were normally sold as postcards by Valentine and others. From mid- 1860s Small Portraits In the 19th century, studio portraits were usually produced as either cartes de visite (the smaller size) or cabinet prints (the larger size). Photograph albums were usually designed so that these sizes of photo could be slotted into them. Size Cartes de visite 3.5 ins x 2.25 ins photos mounted on trade cards 4.125 ins x 2.5 ins. Cartes de visite were: - invented by Count Olympe Aguado - patented by AAE Disderi, France, 1854. They enabled 4, 6 or 10 different image to be exposed on a single glass plate. Most cartes de visites were used for from 1853 See The Price of Cartes de Visite A photographer of high standing might have charged 10s 6d (£0.525) for a dozen for cartes de visite. But some photographers charged only 6d (£0.025) per dozen, so bringing photographs within the reach of a far wider audience. [Ref: Dr Ralph W Rimmer FRPS in an article entitled Poverty: A Subject for Photography: The PhotoHistorian, Sep 2003, pp.5-7] Materials for Cartes de Visite An advert was placed in the British Journal of Photography Almanac in the early 1860s by The London Stereoscopic Co, 55 Cheapside, London. It offered: - Highly albumenised paper (the same as used by the artists of the company): 12s per quire - Cards, plain white best quality: 10s per 1,000 - Ditto with address lithographed on the back: 21s per 1,000 (first 1,000) then 17s per 1,000. A Set of Uncut Cartes de Visite I was interested to see a set of 8 uncut cartes de visite on this web site. Coupon Prints 3.5 ins x 1.5 ins produced in strips Edwardian for wet collodion Large Plates Ken Watson, USA, a practitioner of the, wrote: 'The largest plate made in America was 18 x 22 ins, derived from the largest size of Albumen paper that could be bought from France. In the 1860s, there were no enlargers, so all prints were contact prints. Carleton Watkins had a camera specially made to take 18 x 22 ins plates. His views of Yosemite are recommended.' However, Christopher A Wright, a calotype and wet and dry collodion photographer, and consultant to the Getty Museum provided details of several. 1850s onwards Sizes in USA, UK, Europe I have not investigated the range of sizes of glass plate that were made, and how these differed between USA, UK and Europe. There seems to be scope for a lot of research. Perhaps somebody will provide a link to a site that gives this information. Meanwhile, here is a comment that I received recently from Bill Hibbert: ' Typically plate sizes are 9 x 12, 13 x 18, 18 x 24 cm etc. I have only half plates, one set of which date from the USA in 1906 and another set from France around 1910-20. These are all close to 13x18 (or 5' x 7' in imperial) - within 2 or 3 mm in every case. I presume there was considerable variation in practice, particularly in the 19th century when standards were still being established.' My own interest is in stereo/3D photography, for which the standard glass plate sizes are 45 x 107mm and 6 x 13 cm. You will note the 6x13 looks like a 13x18 half plate cut into three I haven't checked the 45x107mm size, but no doubt it can be made economically from one of the larger formats.' Bill Hibbert, Suffolk, England: May 8, 2012 Whole Plate, Half Plate, Quarter Plate See also (below) - Glass Plate and Paper Sizes Imperial Prints IMP 9.875 ins x 6.875 ins from when? Photographs measuring 12ins x 8ins, sold by Valentine for two shillings (£0.10) each. [Roddy Simpson] from mid- 1860s This size was referred to as 'very long cabinet style photographs' in Marcel Safier's comments about from 1890s Minettes were photos about 1.5 ins x 2.5 ins mounted on cards 1.625 ins x 3 ins. Minettes are mentioned Marcel Safier's comments about from 1870s Panel Prints 5.25 ins x 1.75 ins OR 8.25 ins x 4 ins early 1900s Paris Panels This size was referred to as 'very long cabinet style photographs' in Marcel Safier's comments about Marcel says that they were more suited to framing than photograph albums. From 1890s Photograph Albums Here are some observations on and the size of prints they were designed to hold in the late-Victorian era. 1860s to 1900 Glass Plate and Paper Sizes 8.5 ins x 6.5 ins (whole plate) OR 6.5 ins x 4.75 ins (half-plate) [See NOTE below) 4.25 ins x 3.25 ins (quarter-plate) NOTE: The sizes quoted above are the sizes of half-plate photographic papers that I used to buy. In particular, this half-plate size is a little longer than half of a whole plate. I presume that paper was sold in this size (rather than 6.5 ins x 4.25 ins ) to keep the paper approximately in the same proportions as for whole-plate and quarter plate photos. With the long side about 1.3 x the short side. However, half-plate glass plates would have been cut by cutting a whole-plate sheet of glass into two, so I expect that these would have been 6.5 ins x 4.25 ins. Half-plate negatives were presumably made to fit into cameras designed for half-plate glass slides so I these may well have also been 6.5 ins x 4.25 ins. Whole-plate sheets of glass were also cut into smaller sizes including 1/6th plate, 1/9th-plate, 1/12th plate. Victorian, Edwardian and later Polyfotos Polyfotos were popular in the 1950s - 48 different small photos, often of children, were contact printed onto a single sheet, then the best would be chosen to be enlarged. This web site has examples of Polyfotos. C.1950s Post Cards An international postcard craze developed following the Paris Exhibition in 1889. Court Cards: 4.5 ins x 3.5 ins From 1899: 5.25 ins x 3.25 ins More recently: Also larger cards from 1894 UK Promenade Prints 7 ins x 4 ins from 1875 Early roll film: 2.5 ins Eastman circular negatives (1888) Popular roll film from the early 1900s onwards. 2 ins x 1 ins (120) for Kodak Brownie 1900 3.25 ins x 2.25 ins (120) for Brownie2 - 1901/2 120 film is still sold today and used to expose 8 negatives 3.25 ins x 2.25 ins or 12 negatives 2.25 ins x 2.25 ins. 220 film is also sold. It is similar to 120 but twice as long. 2.5 ins x 1.625 ins (8 exposures) OR 1.625 ins x 1.625 ins (12 exposures (127 film) 1912 Larger film for early folding cameras from 1890s included: 4.25 ins x 3.25 ins (quarter plate) 5.5 ins x 3.25 ins (post card) Some smaller negative sizes were introduced in the 1930s, once enlarging had become more widespread. These included: 2.25 ins x 1.25 ins and 1.5 ins x 1.25 ins Here is a camera introduced in 1895 that was designed to work with either film or slide. 1888 Pairs of photos, each 3 ins x 3 ins mounted on card 7 ins x 3.25 ins OR mounted on card 7 ins x 3.25 ins from 1 854 Europe from c.1859 USA IMP IMP Photos 3.5 ins x 5 ins from 1870s IMP Browsing through the internet tells me that 'wallet size' is a term used for photos between about 3 ins x 2 ins and 3.5 ins x 2. 5 ins current Coloured Prints 7 ins long Please click this link to see these early 1900s ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: 1. Much of the detail above has been taken from.- a very useful booklet which also looks at fashion and other means of dating early photos. IMP: Details were originally Published By George Eastman House, Rochester, New York (Now: International Museum Of Photography). The White House. Source: pixabay.com/en/white-house-washington-619811 The US election system works like this: The people in each state votes for their candidate. The votes harvested in each state are added to the electors in each state for each candidate. The 538 electors proportionally spaced approximately after every federal state population. Barmhjertighetens barn barna barnaktig barnas barndom barndommen barndommens barndomsheim barndomshjem barndomshjemmet barndomshjemmets. F}vettet f}vis f}vist ga gabbro gabbroen gabon gaboner gaboneren gabonsk gadd gadden gadolinium gadoliniumet gaffel gaffelen gafla gafle gafler gaflet gagn. Noen tegn til alvorlighetsgraden. Pneumokokk vaksine beskytter med varierende effektivitet Streptococcus pneumoniae lungebetennelse, vanligste hos voksne (han. Bakteriell lungebetennelse hos barn. Leger anbefaler derfor vaksiner som forhindrer lungebetennelse til noen grupper. Pneumokokkvaksine for voksne anbefales. Barmhjertighet barmhjertigheten barmhjertighetens barn barna barnaktig barnas barndom barndomen barndommen barndommens barndoms barndomsbyen. G242 g244 g340 g344a g344b g346 g348 ga gaarde gaardene gaardens gaarder gaarders gaardsrum gaare gabbro gabbroen gabels gabler gabon gaboner. Hvert enkelt tegn denne fonetiske Konsonanter overtennene alltid alltid med tungespissen loftet g k q r som som i i ga. ['beismant] n baseball c n kjelleretasje c banana [ba'nama] n banan c band [band] n orkester nt. Stang c barber ['ba:ba] n frisor c bare [bea] adj naken. Toalett nt n. When the election is done in one state it is the electors job to vote for whom to win the election to be president. After the election, each state, as promptly as possible, prepare the seven so-called Certificates of ascertainment. These contain the names of the selected electoral college, the number of received votes and the names of all other elector candidates. Those of the people elected to be the electors meet in each state capital to cast their votes, a vote for the election of the president and one for the election of vice president. The practice is that the electors vote for their candidate – some states even have laws compelling – but it is possible to vote differently. Electoral votes (not the citizens real votes) are counted before the US Congress. The Vice-President, acting as President of the Senate, announces the official result. America’s next president and vice president sworn in by the Chief Justice in a grand ceremony outside the Congress building in Washington. Electors are persons, not digits, and that means they can put their own preferences to work when doing their job, that is how it can happen, regardless of the peoples real votes. And some states are known to be sided with special political parties, which can make a person from the “wrong” party in the state to lose electoral votes, that is also a reality. In the elections got Trump 306 electors, against Hillary Clinton’s 232. () According to the 9. Of November 2016 Hillary Clinton got 59 036 741 actual votes, and Donald Trump got 58 914 866 actual votes. November 2016 Aftenposten say: “Friday morning CNN wrote Clinton have gotten 60.458.647 votes against Trumps 60.068.599 – differense over 390.000 votes. It gives Clinton 47,7 procent of the votes against Trump’s 47,4.” Update 15 November 2016: “Hillary Clinton lead with 650 000 votes over Trump.” 15 November 2016 Clinton leads Trump in the popular vote, 61,694,263 to 60,961,967 and has surpassed 1 million in her popular vote margin over President-elect Donald Trump, according to a Tuesday tally from the nonpartisan Cook Political Report. 1 December 2016 “Hillary Clinton now leads over Donald Trump by more than 2.5 million votes, giving the Democratic candidate a 2 percent lead over the president-elect.” And they are still counting. What this really means Even though in this case Hillary Clinton got more actual citizen’s votes than Donald Trump the voters actual votes is put to side on the benefit of getting electors to vote for the candidates. In reality this means that many citizens votes are put to side and discarded. Logically Hillary should have won since she got more real votes. If you play cards and get a higher score you win. But since US uses a system where it is winning of electors in the different states is what makes a person win, not actual votes, it does not really matter how many actual votes / actual high scores in total you got. To win one must win in the states that have the most electors and get the most electors totally. For me this is a system that is out of line. This elector system is like if you have two persons running against eachother on a straight track at a stadion. Number one wins over the other with 52 seconds, it is clocked and stated, but the other person who actually had the worse time wins because he ran on the track to the left (state) and not to the right (state). How strange is that? The people actually wanted Hillary for president, she got the most real actual votes in total, but Trump won only because he ran on a different track giving him more advantage, not because he had more actual votes. This makes democracy in US a stealing of votes. How is it possible that a actual vote winner loses the election? I would be seriously angry if I would find my vote discarded because it was casted in the wrong area / state and not regarded when the wins are counted. It is like throwing it away. It should really be the actual votes that makes the winner. National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council Washington DC USA 26. November 1965 This research shown here is specifically about TDI chemical but it actually shows how little is needed to start a asthma attack. 0,02 PPM “Industrial exposure to TDI vapors has resulted in many cases of allergic reactions involving the respiratory tract with symptoms of asthma. The Threshold limit value of 0,02 PPM is believed to prevent sensitization but may not be low enough to prevent asthmatic attacks in sensitized individuals.” Ph.D Harry W. Hays National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council Washington DC USA 26. November 1965 Fragrances is chemicals too, so do not believe they are safe. Having asthma is like being a living, breathing, walking fire alarm. We know when something fishy is in the air. Our lungs react to it, and protest. We get breathing problems. Trump can I call you Mr. I want you to be happy, that’s very important to me. Before I get started, let me say this letter isn’t from all women. The surely won’t approve of this message. But this is from most women. We see right through you. We have all known you at some point. Your ways are not unfamiliar to us. We see through you because we’ve been dealing with you our whole lives. We heard you call women pigs. And disgusting. We watched as you called a former Ms. Universe “Ms. Piggy” and then spent four days continuing to insult her. We see your weakness. Your lust for attention at any cost, your need to denigrate women. We see all of it. And we’re mad. And fired up. And here’s the thing about us 1,086 more words. A scent machine on the wall, cause breathing difficulties all day, and more. For several hours afterwards I had difficulty breathing and had to use a lot of medicine. This is about accessibility, a toilet to the public should all be able to use, it should not be such that only people without disabilities can use the toilet. You who produce, sell and use these products you support happily that it has been approved by IFRA, the International Fragrance Association, which claims this is fine and not causing allergy or other illnesses. What you must understand is that IFRA is an organization for the perfume industry and they go industry errands, they are not any interest organization for us with asthma and other lung diseases, allergies, mcs, shr and other sensitivities. Whatever they say this is not safe products for us. I am living proof of this and I’m just one of very many. WHO estimates that there are 300 million people with asthma in the world (figures from 2011 so it is certainly many more today) and in Europe it is estimated to be approximately 30 million people with asthma (figures by WHO and Ginasthma and The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations (EFA), then not all other lung diseases and sensitivities are included in the figures, nor mcs and shr and other sensitivities. In Norway counts that around 20-25% of the population, about 1 to 1.2 million people have asthma and allergies. For example stated by The Norwegian Asthma and Allergy Association (NAAF) is that about 1,4 million people in Norway get health issues from fragrance (regardless of source), and 0,5% can not participate in the society of that cause. I notified the station owner to take it down, everyone should be able to use the toilet. No one should have to choose between being sick and going to the toilet, or any other rooms either for that matter. For us with asthma Ventoline is a necessary lifeline and we must medicate with Ventoline 24/7 the whole life, while others do not realize a thing and pollute the air with fragrance substances. Today because of a trip to the toilet at Circle K I got a really bad powerful asthma attack because I had to use the toilet at the Circle K, first it was only little but after 4 minutes it struck out in full bloom and I coughed powerfully, narrowed windpipe in the lungs, wheesing heavily when I TRIED breathing, it was not easy to get air, the eyes were bloodshot, I was out of strength because I had lack of oxygen. There were problems getting the medication into the nebulizer (inhaler in image above) because I was in such a bad shape, I was very sick. Then I had came into the office and colleagues asked lots, they surely did not know what to do, and why I was so ill. It was problem medicating. Eventually I got in me medicine anyway and afterwards I could talk and explain why it was so bad. Blame this time was a scent machine on the wall in the toilet. Now I urge you who have such on the wall of your premises to take it down in whatever business or place, wherever it is located, if it is in the toilet or other facilities. If the manufacturer has told you that it does not trigger allergies? Then you have been lied to. The scent you spread in the room contains a lot of substances that irritate the airways in the lungs and activates allergic reactions, it makes your customers and visitors will be sick by the visit and it hangs in from a few hours to several days depending on how sensitive the person is being unable to tolerate the. When you have received such a large asthma attack by a visit with you then one is also more sensitive to everything for days afterwards. I want to make it very clear: It’s not important who is using it, who has installed it, or who delivers to whom, what is the problem is that it is produced and put into use. We are designed to breathe air, not chemical pollution, what is relevant here is that the air becomes unfit to breathe when fragranced. I would also like inform you that it is an offense to disclose those who do not tolerate it in accordance with the Norwegian Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act § 9. LHL website screenshot, in English below: “LHL say that it must be emphasized that the requirement for universal design in Discrimination and Accessibility Act § 9 also includes measures to prevent exposure to various allergens and irritants, including scented products. LHL also believe that it should be allocated for preventive educational activities so that more people will pay attention to that scented products can inflict injury. LHL urges that: ◾public enterprises and government services adopt perfume-free working environment in the interests of users and employees. ◾privat businesses and employers are doing the same. ◾private persons do take into account sensitive persons by avoiding scented products in situations where you get close to other people. LHL Asthma and allergies have made a poster stating fragrance free zone. The poster can be downloaded and posted where it is needed. Update Thursday, 8 September 2016 Day 7: I woke up again approximately at 0600 of lung congestion and coughing up mucus, I am still hurting in the chest because of all the coughing so to cough up mucus is difficult. I feel tired and weak in the chest, and it hurts. Medication was this morning as usual 40mg Prednisolone, 10 mg Singulair, 10 mg Ceterizin, 2 doses of Symbicort Forte 320/9 (also for evening every day), one vial of 2.5 ml 2 mg / ml Ventoline. I cough a little less today but remains tight in the lungs and mucus formation. It is tiresome. Today I experienced falling asleep exhausted on the couch to later be waken up by not getting breath, and when I try to cough up mucus the muscles in the chest are too tired to do the job. I coughed for 20 minutes and took inhalation to finally achieve it. Otherwise, the day passed in a calm character with film and surf, and medicine, coughing, phlegm, etc. Throughout the day. Coughed so I kept on throwing up. Yes, it was that bad. Update Friday, 9 September 2016 Day 8: It’s Friday, a week after that I was in that room with this fragrance machine. I woke up at 0600 by coughing again and have been awake since, coughing up mucus regularly. I have taken medicine 40 mg Prednisolone, 10 mg Singulair, 10 mg Ceterizin, 2 x Symbicort Forte 320/9, and 2.5 mL 2 mg / ml Ventoline inhalation. I must take all of this before I even get to eat, I can not eat with this ongoing cough and phlegm. Normally I take only 10 mg Singulair, 10 mg Ceterizin, 2 x Symbicort Forte 320/9 in the morning (and 2 in the evening), and I can take it after breakfast. Now I have ugly side effects of the strong Ventoline, I’m shaky to the point on my hands, when I hold my hand up fingers are shaking by tremor. I was to the store to buy food today, it was the first time I was out in public since Wednesday, September 7th, I had prepared myself properly with medicine before I went but after 10 minutes in the store I got worsening of the asthma again, wheezing, hoarseness, hard thick mucus and began to of it. Fragrance is in the store too. Asthma is tiring for the body and a stress factor. I’m tired, I’m fed up, but it is maybe hopefully on right path now, yes except for deterioration today. I’m much better than I was last Saturday, but now it’s harder to breathe again, I’m not fully recovered yet and still more sensitive than usual. An already irritated lungs react more and easier on everything my lungs can not tolerate (like for everyone else with this issue). Update Saturday, 10th September 2016 Day 9: To the hospital emergency room in the middle of the night Lay in bed and crying, sleepy and tired, cough, phlegm, difficulty breathing and wheezing. Called the hospital for help. Was there at 0320 at night. CRP was 5, no bacterial infection or virus. Got inhalation. Oxygen level better. Nursing Sister was wonderfully kind and thoughtful, I am so tired and stressed by all this that I started to cry like a waterfall at the hospital, and nursing sister was so kind and stroked my arm and my shoulder and comforted me. Home again at 0450. Did not sleep this night. Now it’s a little beyond the day and I have a little burning in the airways, breathing difficulties are right now small because of the medicine, but I still need to use the strong Ventoline 2.5 ml 2 mg / ml solution for inhalation with nebulizer to thrive. When medication decreases in effect, as will cough grow back, and I cough up phlegm, and besides that I feel a burning sensation in the lungs, and it is the tipping point for whether it goes wrong or not. Just a little needed to tipping it over the wrong way. It’s hard to explain to someone who has not experienced it themselves, but it feels much like; Imagine that you have a fire you will ignite, there is a little flare and it is either to burn or die out, and that’s just the way it is now that the smallest can make the asthma worsen, so I have to take medicine to not be hurt worse. Normally I manage myself using a regular inhaler to take away small problems and have good breath with PEF 500, but not now because of this perfume. And even cooking food can be a worsening problem since it gives away cookery fumes, but one have to eat. Heavy medication and sick leave. Update Sunday, 11 September 2016 Day 10: Woke up this morning with very much lung congestion and constriction, to explain what it sounded like; almost like a car having starting problems, the dense raspy sound when the car does not get air and the feeling is as if the lungs were filled with insulating material. I have gotten worsening again. The drugs I have does not do the job good enough so I have to go to the doctor again tomorrow. You have to understand that asthma is not like a light headache you can just take a pill for and everything will be over. The inflammation that are in the lungs of allergens and irritants caused by content ones health can not tolerate stick for several days. It is an inflammation of the lung airways and as known inflammation takes long time to go away. So please show consideration! Update Monday, 12 September 2016 Day 11: I went to my doctor and was ordained stronger and more medicine plus lung x-ray at the hospital. I told my doctor that the medicine I get at the hospital works better so now I take to be mixed with my Ventoline 2.5 ml of 2 mg / ml and inhaled – and lungs are X-rayed. In addition he said, “-NO WORK THIS WEEK!” and put me on sick leave to the end of the week. Something positive I spotted at the hospital was this: It is wonderful to find that ones hospital is tuff. Note says; “Hello!! Do you believe the cigarett butt (you throw away) removes itself???!!! SMOKE FREE!!!” I can only applaud them. ??????? Update Tuesday, September 13 2016 Day 12: This night I have actually been able to sleep the whole night through, finally! I woke up at 0700. I believe it is the new medicine. I am still coughing and it is coming mucus when I cough but the new medicine helps a lot. Today’s medicine doses:,,, 2 x (also in the evening),, mixed with inhalation every 4th – 5th hour, and in addition the Ventoline when needed, and this I will have to take from now on, til I get symtom free. Though I have a serious voice issue. One need air to be able to talk okay, and having an asthma attack one is also affected on the voice. Since I still have breathing issues even though I have new medicine, my voice is affected. This video was recorded today right before taking a new dose of medicine after 5 hours. The video is subtitled in English, if it does appear directly, please press the subtitle card at the lower right corner of the video. Learn more about asthma, constricted airways and the voice here. Update Wednesday, 14 September 2016 Day 13: I have been able to scale down a bit on Ventoline, I think it is thanks to the new Atrovent that I have received, it got a longer duration. The asthma cools off but I am not well yet (eg. Symtom free when asthma is chronic). I have not slept well last night, the increased drug dosage has given me the side effects of dry mouth, I woke up several times a night and been dry as a desert in the mouth and have had to get up to eat and drink something to stop it. I must increase Symbicort Forte 320/9 to 3 x 2 doses a day, it is the preventive medicine. The voice is still not good, but I cough not as much and bad anymore, at least not as long as I take medicine. But man am I blue under my eyes, this has been a hart time. Maybe it goes right way now? Update Thursday, 15 September 2016 Day 14: I still takes the same medicines, but I took an extra dose of Atrovent + Ventoline last night (ie a total of 5 doses instead of 4), and it seems as if it works. This morning when I woke up coughing I only coughed more easy but I was very dry in the mouth because of the side effects of the medicine. Though, when medication decreases in strength after a few hours when I get a burning experience in the lungs and harder to breathe, to explain how the burning sensation feels like; it is as if I have throat burn in the lungs. The burning sensation decreases in strength when I take medicine. I get in between doses of medication heavy breathing, and when I was at the store today it was bad, and my voice bar not and it was difficult to talk. Tonight I have “throat burn” in the lungs, not so hard time to breathe, I have just taken more medicine. But it seems as if the medication is doing its job when I slowly being better than I was, so I’ll take a extra dose this night as well. 5 times a day is really more than the doctor said I should take, but 4 is too little, to help myself so I take 5. The extra dose I take at night because otherwise there will be too many hours without inhalation during the night. I’m going to the doctor tomorrow again. I am not well yet. Update Friday, 16 September 2016 Day 15: Today I was at the doctor, he listened to the lungs, it was done spirometry, and I will be remitted to a specialist. I am still very sensitive in my asthma for slightest impact. Because of that it is dangerous to go too long on Prednisone it is now removed from my medicines. I continue as usual with the other medicines. I am on sick leave ’til 26.9. Update Saturday, 17 September 2016 Day 16: I woke up at 0600 and took all pills and Symbicort Forte 320/9 medication, and then and fell asleep again. Woke with heavy breathing and had to take inhalation. Before this happened, I have normally been able to just take some Symbicort Forte 320/9 and my asthma and allergy pills in the morning, now I have to use heavy emergency medicine before breakfast. I’m starting to worry that I maybe have gotten a chronic deterioration by the chemical substances were sprayed into the air, wilI I have to have it like this in the future? Update Monday, 19 September 2016 Day 18: I did not update yesterday, it has not happened much. I’ll still take Ventoline + Atrovent in addition to the usual dose of asthma and allergy medicines, because if I do not then I get easily deterioration. As long as I take medicine so it works. Though, I’m still very easily affected by irritants and allergens in the air, much more than before, so the doctor has decided that I should stay home until it has stabilized. Like this I have not had it before this happened, I was very sensitive, but it’s worse now. I was also remitted by my doctor to a lung specialist in town, they called from lung specialist today, I have gotten an appointment on Friday. If I have gotten permanent injury, whom should I report and sue? I can not let this go unnoticed. It is not okay it being like this in society, and what if I have gotten an injury that lower my ability to work? I can not help thinking of this. Update Friday, 23 September 2016 Day 22: Today I went to the lung specialist as my GP Remitted me and it was a rewarding meeting in several ways. Firstly I got to do more breathing tests than I have ever done before, in fact, more thoroughly than it was done by the lung clinic when I was there a few years ago. In total the new lung clinic did 3 different breathing tests, spirometry and two others: one for normal calm breathing where I also should hold my breath for 7 seconds and then breathe again, and another test that simulated stair climbing with heavy breathing and full constriction (machine simulated breathing stopped and me had to breathe against it). Then I met the doctor who turned out to be the same doctor who remitted me to The Occupational Injury Department at Trondheim Hospital about 2008/2009, fun he was know from before. Much chatting about asthma and what happened to me on September 2, which was why I was sent to him. Since I blogged last Monday the 19th of September, my breathing improved considerably and I have been able to cut out the inhalation of the strong Ventoline and Atrovent on a regular basis, now it’s only once in between i use it. Breathing tests I did showed that I have regained breathability. It sits on about 95% of 100% now, and it’s good, and I hope it gets even better. It should probably work if I stay away from everything, and that means all situations which means contact with what my health can not tolerate, and that means even people using fragrance and fragrance products. Now I take only my regular medication Symbicort Forte 320/9, Singulair, Ceterizin and a small dash with the regular inhaler, as I did before I got sick the September 2nd. Since Friday, I have only used the strong medicines 2-3 times, which is a major advance. We also came to talk the doctor and I about Symbicort Forte, he said it contains a long time preventive working kind of Ventoline which is one of the components of Symbicort Forte. This was news to me. I also read earlier at Medicines Agency about Ventoline that if you have to take too much of Ventoline when the body can get used to the medication and then lose the effect. I found that when I also take a large dose of Symbicort Forte containing a kind of long-acting Ventoline plus had to take such large quantities of the strong inhalation aerosol Ventoline, so had the body certainly had been given too much and cut out the effect of it, and that’s why I had to get Atrovent. Atrovent has helped me a lot. Thanks to Atrovent I’ve got track of it, and I could cut down on the amount Ventoline. Now I struggle no more with side effects. Asthma and the medical profession is more complicated than you think. Today I have just taken one single dose of Ventoline + Atrovent. If it continue as good as now the next few days then I’ll work on Tuesday.:) What is fragrance? Learn from (click the link for more info about her). It is easy to believe that the rules are better in Europe and Scandinavia, but the fact is that the industry is not required to tell you the contents of the hidden word perfume. This you find here. |
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